Why Twig template is fast ?

 Twig is a PHP-based compiled templating language. 

When your web page renders, the Twig engine takes the template and converts it into a ‘compiled’ PHP

 template which is stored in a protected directory in sites/default/files/php/twig. 

The compilation is done once, template files are cached for reuse and are recompiled on clearing the Twig cache.